Glossary
The EMN Glossary – as one of the key products of the EMN - improves comparability by enabling a common understanding and use of terms and definitions relating to asylum and migration. The Glossary draws on a variety of sources, but primarily on the legislation of the EU asylum and immigration acquis, and makes terms available in the majority of EU Member State languages.
The online version is regularly updated and available in various languages.
- BG: молба за международна закрила
- CZ: žádost o mezinárodní ochranu
- DE: Antrag auf internationalen Schutz
- EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse taotlus
- EN: application for international protection
- ES: solicitud de protección internacional
- FI: kansainvälistä suojelua koskeva hakemus
- FR: demande de protection internationale
- GA: iarratas ar chosaint idirnáisiúnta
- GR: αίτηση για διεθνή προστασία
- HU: nemzetközi védelem iránti kérelem
- IT: domanda di protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinės apsaugos (prieglobsčio) prašymas
- LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības pieteikums
- MT: Talba għall-protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: verzoek om internationale bescherming
- NO: søknad om internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / søknad om internasjonalt vern (n)
- PL: wniosek o udzielenie ochrony międzynarodowej
- PT: pedido de protecção internacional
- RO: cerere de protectie internationala
- SE: ansökan om internationellt skydd
- SK: žiadosť o medzinárodnú ochranu (EU acquis)
- SL: prošnja za mednarodno zaščito
A request made by a third-country national or a stateless person for protection from a EU Member State, who can be understood to seek refugee status or subsidiary protection status, and who does not explicitly request another kind of protection, outside the scope of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), that can be applied for separately.
2. In everyday use, the terms ‘asylum application’ and ‘application for asylum’ are often used more frequently than ‘application for international protection’.
3. According to Protocol 24 of TFEU on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union (1997), EU Member States shall be regarded as constituting safe countries of origin in respect of each other for all legal and practical purposes in relation to asylum matters. Accordingly, any application for asylum made by a national of an EU Member State is normally not taken into consideration.
- BG: отнемане на международна закрила
- CZ: odnětí mezinárodní ochrany
- DE: Aberkennung des internationalen Schutzes
- EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse tagasivõtmine
- EN: withdrawal of international protection
- ES: retirada de la protección internacional
- FI: kansainvälisen suojelun poistaminen /lakkauttaminen / peruttaminen
- FR: retrait de la protection internationale
- GA: cosaint idirnáisiúnta a tharraingt siar
- GR: ανάκληση διεθνούς προστασίας
- HU: nemzetközi védelem visszavonása
- IT: revoca della protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinės apsaugos (prieglobsčio) panaikinimas
- LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības statusa atņemšana
- MT: Irtirar tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: intrekking van de internationale bescherming
- NO: tilbaketrekking av internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / tilbaketrekking av internasjonalt vern (n)
- PL: cofnięcie ochrony międzynarodowej
- PT: retirada do estatuto de proteção internacional
- RO: retragerea protecţiei internaţionale
- SE: återkallande av internationellt skydd
- SK: odňatie medzinárodnej ochrany
- SL: preklic mednarodne zaščite
The decision by a competent authority to revoke, end or refuse to renew the refugee or subsidiary protection status of a person in accordance with Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive).
- BG: лице, на което е предоставена международна закрила
- CZ: osoba požívající mezinárodní ochrany
- DE: Person, der internationaler Schutz zuerkannt wurde
- EE: rahvusvahelise kaitse saaja
- EN: beneficiary of international protection
- ES: beneficiario de protección internacional
- FI: kansainvälistä suojelua saava
- FR: bénéficiaire d’une protection internationale
- GA: tairbhí den chosaint idirnáisiúnta
- GR: δικαιούχου διεθνούς προστασίας
- HU: nemzetközi védelemben részesülő személy
- IT: beneficiario di protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinės apsaugos (prieglobsčio) gavėjas
- LV: starptautiskās aizsardzības saņēmējs
- MT: Benefiċjarju(-a) tal-protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: persoon die internationale bescherming geniet
- NO: mottaker av internasjonal beskyttelse (asyl) (b) / mottakar av internasjonalt vern (asyl) (n)
- PL: beneficjent ochrony międzynarodowej
- PT: beneficiário de protecção internacional
- RO: beneficiar al protectiei internationale
- SE: person som beviljats internationellt skydd
- SK: osoba s postavením medzinárodnej ochrany (EU acquis) / osoba s udelenou medzinárodnou ochranou
- SL: upravičenec do mednarodne zaščite
A person who has been granted refugee status or subsidiary protection status.
- BG: международна закрила
- CZ: mezinárodní ochrana
- DE: internationaler Schutz
- EE: rahvusvaheline kaitse
- EN: international protection
- ES: protección (internacional)
- FI: kansainvälinen suojelu
- FR: protection internationale
- GA: cosaint idirnáisiúnta
- GR: διεθνής προστασία
- HU: nemzetközi védelem
- IT: protezione internazionale
- LT: tarptautinė apsauga (prieglobstis)
- LV: starptautiskā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni internazzjonali
- NL: internationale bescherming
- NO: internasjonal beskyttelse (b) / internasjonalt vern (n)
- PL: ochrona międzynarodowa
- PT: protecção internacional
- RO: protecţie internaţională
- SE: internationellt skydd
- SK: medzinárodná ochrana
- SL: mednarodna zaščita
In the EU context, protection that encompasses refugee status and subsidiary protection status.
- BG: достъп до здравни гриижи
- CZ: přístup ke zdravotní péči
- DE: Zugang zu medizinischer Versorgung
- EE: ligipääs tervishoiule
- EN: access to healthcare
- ES: acceso a la asistencia sanitaria
- FI: oikeus terveydenhuoltoon
- FR: accès aux soins de santé
- GA: Rochtain ar Chúram Sláinte
- GR: πρόσβαση στην υγειονομική περίθαλψη
- HU: a migránsok társadalombiztosítási és egészségügyi ellátásokhoz való hozzáférése
- IT: accesso all’assistenza sanitaria
- LT: sveikatos priežiūros prieinamumas
- LV: piekļuve veselības aprūpei
- MT: Aċċess għas-servizzi tas-saħħa/ għall-kura sanitarja
- NL: toegang tot gezondheidszorg
- NO: tilgang til helsetjenester (b) / tilgang til helsetenester (n)
- PL: dostęp do opieki zdrowotnej
- RO: acces la ingrijirea sanatatii / acces la sistemul medical
- SE: tillgång till hälso- och sjukvård
- SK: prístup k zdravotnej starostlivosti
- SL: dostop do zdravstvenega varstva
Healthcare entitlements enjoyed by third-country nationals (migrants, applicants for international protection and refugees) in EU Member States and in their countries of origin.
2. According to Council Directive 2003/109/EC (Long Term Residents Directive), long-term residents enjoy the same access to healthcare as nationals as defined by national law.
3. Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) grants access to adequate healthcare, including treatment of mental disorders when needed, to beneficiaries of international protection under the same eligibility conditions as nationals of the EU Member State that has granted such protection.
4.Directive 2013/33/EU (Recast Reception Conditions Directive) establishes minimum standards for access to healthcare for applicants of international protection during the asylum procedure. It requires EU Member States to ensure that asylum seekers at least receive emergency care and essential treatment for illnesses and serious mental disorders. However, the entitlement of asylum seekers to healthcare services depends on national legislation and varies among Member States. See for example, the EMN: Ad-Hoc Query on System of medical treatment of asylum seekers in Member States.
5. Access to healthcare can be a key factor in the process of decision-making on applications for international protection. Subsidiary protection may apply if the asylum-seeker contends that a return to the country of origin is impossible for health reasons, as the return of a sick person which is often connected with the medical standards in the country of return could constitute a breach of Art. 3 ECHR. Thus case workers have to take into account whether medical treatment is available in the country of origin and whether the available medical treatment would also be (e.g. financially) accessible to the concerned person upon return. For further information see the description of the MedCOI project in the List of projects funded by the European Refugee Fund in 2011.
- BG: изключваща клауза
- CZ: exkluzivní klauzule, vylučovací klauzule
- DE: Ausschlussklausel
- EE: välistav klausel
- EN: exclusion clause
- ES: cláusula de exclusión
- FI: poissulkemislauseke
- FR: clause d’exclusion
- GA: clásal eisiaimh
- GR: ρήτρες αποκλεισμού
- HU: kizáró klauzulák
- IT: clausola di esclusione
- LT: prašymo atmetimo pagrindai
- LV: izslēgšanas noteikums
- MT: Klawsola ta’ tbarrija / t’esklużjoni
- NL: uitsluitingsgronden
- NO: unntaksbestemmelse (b) / unntaksføresegn (n)
- PL: klauzula wykluczająca
- PT: cláusulas de exclusão
- RO: cauză de excludere
- SE: undantagsklausul
- SK: doložka o vylúčení / vylučovacia klauzula / vylučovacie ustanovenie
- SL: izključitvena klavzula
Specifically, any of the provisions of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol, such as articles 1D, 1E and 1F, which mandatorily deny the benefits of refugee status to persons who already received UN or national protection, or to persons about whom there are good reasons to believe that they have committed a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non-political crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN (e.g. the persecution of others).
- BG: преместване/ релокация
- CZ: relokace
- DE: Umverteilung
- EE: ümberasustamine
- EN: relocation
- ES: reubicación
- FI: sisäinen siirto
- FR: relocalisation
- GA: athlonnú
- HU: áthelyezés (relokáció)
- IT: ricollocazione
- LT: perkėlimas
- LV: pārvietošana
- MT: Rilokazzjoni
- NL: aanleg tot afwijzing van een verzoek om internationale
- NO: relokalisering
- PL: relokacja
- PT: recolocação
- RO: relocare
- SE: omplacering
- SK: premiestnenie (EU acquis) / relokácia
- SL: preselitev
- BG: оценка на достоверността
- CZ: posouzení věrohodnosti; ověření věrohodnosti
- DE: Glaubwürdigkeitsprüfung / Prüfung der Glaubwürdigkeit
- EE: usaldusväärsuse (usutavuse) hindamine
- EN: credibility assessment
- ES: evaluación de la credibilidad
- FI: uskottavuusarviointi
- FR: évaluation de la crédibilité
- GA: measúnú creidiúnachta
- GR: αξιολόγηση της αξιοπιστίας
- HU: szavahihetőség értékelése
- IT: valutazione di credibilità
- LT: patikimumo vertinimas
- LV: ticamības novērtējums
- MT: Evalwazzjoni tal-kredibilità
- NL: beoordeling van de geloofwaardigheid
- NO: vurdering av troverdighet (b) / vurdering av truverd (n)
- PL: ocena wiarygodności
- RO: evaluarea credibilitatii
- SE: trovärdighetsbedömning
- SK: preukazovanie dôveryhodnosti
- SL: ocena zanesljivosti
The process of gathering relevant information from the applicant for international protection, examining it in the light of all the information available to the case worker in procedures for international protection, for the purpose of the determination of qualification for refugee status and / or subsidiary protection status.
2. Credibility is established where the applicant has presented a claim which is coherent and plausible, not contradicting generally known facts, and therefore is, on balance, capable of being believed.
- BG: статут на субсидиарна закрила
- CZ: status doplňkové ochrany
- DE: subsidiärer Schutzstatus
- EE: täiendava kaitse seisund
- EN: subsidiary protection status
- ES: estatuto de protección subsidiaria
- FI: toissijainen suojeluasema
- FR: statut conféré par la protection subsidiaire
- GA: stádas cosanta coimhdí
- GR: καθεστώς επικουρικής προστασίας
- HU: kiegészítő védelmi jogállás
- IT: status di protezione sussidiaria
- LT: papildomos apsaugos statusas
- LV: alternatīvās aizsardzības statuss
- MT: Status ta’ protezzjoni sussidjarja
- NL: subsidiairebeschermingsstatus
- NO: status for subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / status for subsidiært vern (n)
- PL: status ochrony uzupełniającej
- PT: estatuto de protecção subsidiária
- RO: statut de protecţie subsidiară
- SE: status som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande
- SK: status doplnkovej ochrany / štatút doplnkovej ochrany
- SL: status subsidiarne zaščite
The recognition by an EU Member State of a third-country national or a stateless person as a person eligible for subsidiary protection.
- BG: лице, което отговаря на условията за субсидиарна закрила
- CZ: osoba, která má nárok na doplňkovou ochranu
- DE: Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz
- EE: täiendava kaitse saamise nõuetele vastav isik
- EN: person eligible for subsidiary protection
- ES: persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria
- FI: henkilö, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua
- FR: personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection subsidiaire
- GA: duine atá i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach
- GR: άτομο επιλέξιμο για επικουρική προστασία
- HU: kiegészítő védelemben részesített személy / oltalmazott
- IT: persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione sussidiaria
- LT: papildomą apsaugą galintis gauti asmuo
- LV: persona, kura tiesīga uz alternatīvo statusu
- MT: Persuna eliġibbli għal protezzjoni sussidjarja
- NL: persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming in aanmerking komt
- NO: person som har krav på subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / person som har krav på subsidiært vern (n)
- PL: osoba kwalifikująca się do ochrony uzupełniającej
- PT: pessoa elegível para protecção subsidiária
- RO: persoană eligibilă pentru protecţie subsidiară
- SE: person som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande
- SK: osoba oprávnená na doplnkovú ochranu
- SL: oseba upravičena do subsidiarne zaščite
A third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
- BG: субсидиарна закрила
- CZ: doplňková ochrana
- DE: subsidiärer Schutz
- EE: täiendav kaitse
- EN: subsidiary protection
- ES: protección subsidiaria
- FI: toissijainen suojelu
- FR: protection subsidiaire
- GA: cosaint choimhdeach
- GR: επικουρική προστασία
- HU: kiegészítő védelem
- IT: protezione sussidiaria
- LT: papildoma apsauga
- LV: alternatīvā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni sussidjarja
- NL: subsidiaire bescherming
- NO: subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / subsidiært vern (n)
- PL: ochrona (uzupełniająca)
- PT: ochrona (uzupełniająca)
- RO: protecţie subsidiară
- SE: subsidiärt skydd
- SK: doplnková ochrana
- SL: subsidiarna zaščita
The protection given to a third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive), and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of this Directive do not apply, and is unable or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
This term is not used in UK (see ‘humanitarian protection’).
- BG: бежанец вследствие на (гражданска) война
- CZ: uprchlík z důvodu (občanské) války
- DE: (Bürger-)Kriegsflüchtling
- EE: sõjapõgenik
- EN: (civil) war refugee
- ES: refugiado por conflictos bélicos
- FI: ([sisällis]sota)pakolainen
- FR: réfugié de guerre (civile)
- GA: dídeanaí cogaidh chathartha
- GR: πρόσφυγας εμφυλίου πολέμου
- HU: (polgár) háborús menekült
- IT: rifugiato a causa di una guerra civile
- LT: pabėgėlis dėl (pilietinio) karo
- LV: [pilsoņu] kara bēglis
- MT: Rifuġjat(a) minħabba gwerra (ċivili)
- NL: [burger]oorlogsvluchteling
- NO: (borger)krigsflyktning (b) / (borgar)krigsflyktning (n)
- PL: uchodźca wojenny
- PT: refugiados de guerra
- RO: refugiat de razboi (civil)
- SE: krigsflykting
- SK: utečenec z dôvodu (občianskej) vojny
- SL: (civilni) vojni begunec
A person who leaves their country to escape from the effects of armed conflicts (direct effects of fighting, assaults of combat troops, displacements etc.).
2. If there is a mass influx to the EU of such persons who have been displaced, they may also be eligible for temporary protection in accordance with Council Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive).
- BG: окончателно решение
- CZ: pravomocné rozhodnutí
- DE: rechtskräftige Entscheidung
- EE: jõustunud otsus
- EN: final decision
- ES: resolución definitiva
- FI: lainvoimainen päätös
- FR: décision finale
- GA: cinneadh críochnaitheach
- GR: οριστική απόφαση
- HU: jogerős határozat
- IT: decisione definitiva
- LT: galutinis sprendimas
- LV: galīgais lēmums
- MT: Deċiżjoni finali
- NL: onherroepelijke beslissing
- NO: endelig vedtak (b) /endeleg avgjerd (n)
- PL: ostateczna decyzja
- PT: decisão final
- RO: decizie finală
- SE: slutligt beslut
- SK: konečné rozhodnutie
- SL: dokončna odločba / pravnomočna odločba
A decision on whether the third-country national or stateless person be granted refugee status or subsidiary protection status by virtue of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and which is no longer subject to a remedy within the framework of Chapter V of this Directive, irrespective of whether such remedy has the effect of allowing applicants to remain in the EU Member State concerned pending its outcome.
- BG: Обща европейска система за убежище
- CZ: Společný evropský azylový systém
- DE: Gemeinsames Europäisches Asylsystem
- EE: ühtne Euroopa varjupaigasüsteem
- EN: Common European Asylum System
- ES: Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo
- FI: Euroopan yhteinen turvapaikkajärjestelmä
- FR: régime d’asile européen commun
- GA: Comhchóras Tearmainn Eorpach
- GR: Κοινό Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Ασύλου
- HU: Közös Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer
- IT: Sistema europeo comune di asilo
- LT: bendra Europos prieglobsčio sistema
- LV: Kopējā Eiropas patvēruma sistēma
- MT: Sistema Ewropea Komuni għall-Ażil
- NL: Gemeenschappelijk Europees Asielstelsel
- NO: Det felles europeiske asylsystemet
- PL: Wspólny Europejski System Azylowy
- PT: Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo
- RO: Sistemul European Comun de Azil
- SE: gemensamt europeiskt asylsystem
- SK: Spoločný európsky azylový systém
- SL: Skupni evropski azilni sistem
A framework of agreed rules which establish common procedures for international protection and a uniform status for those who are granted refugee status or subsidiary protection based on the full and inclusive application of the Geneva Refugee Convention and Protocol and which aims to ensure fair and humane treatment of applicants for international protection, to harmonise asylum systems in the EU and reduce the differences between Member States on the basis of binding legislation, as well as to strengthen practical cooperation between national asylum administrations and the external dimension of asylum.
(a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid throughout the European Union;
(b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of international protection;
(c) a common system of temporary protection for displaced persons in the event of a massive inflow;
(d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status;
(e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection.
- BG: лице, което отговаря на условията за субсидиарна закрила
- CZ: osoba, která má nárok na doplňkovou ochranu
- DE: Person mit Anspruch auf subsidiären Schutz
- EE: täiendava kaitse saamise nõuetele vastav isik
- EN: person eligible for subsidiary protection
- ES: persona con derecho a protección subsidiaria
- FI: henkilö, joka voi saada toissijaista suojelua
- FR: personne pouvant bénéficier de la protection subsidiaire
- GA: duine atá i dteideal cosaint choimhdeach
- GR: άτομο επιλέξιμο για επικουρική προστασία
- HU: kiegészítő védelemben részesített személy / oltalmazott
- IT: persona avente titolo a beneficiare della protezione sussidiaria
- LT: papildomą apsaugą galintis gauti asmuo
- LV: persona, kura tiesīga uz alternatīvo statusu
- MT: Persuna eliġibbli għal protezzjoni sussidjarja
- NL: persoon die voor subsidiaire bescherming in aanmerking komt
- NO: person som har krav på subsidiær beskyttelse (b) / person som har krav på subsidiært vern (n)
- PL: osoba kwalifikująca się do ochrony uzupełniającej
- PT: pessoa elegível para protecção subsidiária
- RO: persoană eligibilă pentru protecţie subsidiară
- SE: person som uppfyller kraven för att betecknas som subsidiärt skyddsbehövande
- SK: osoba oprávnená na doplnkovú ochranu
- SL: oseba upravičena do subsidiarne zaščite
A third-country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to their country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to their country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Art. 15 of Directive 2011/95/EU (Recast Qualification Directive) and to whom Art. 17(1) and (2) of said Directive do not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
- BG: реален риск от тежки посегателства
- CZ: reálné riziko vážné újmy
- DE: tatsächliche Gefahr, einen ernsthaften Schaden zu erleiden
- EE: reaalne risk tõsise ohu tekkimiseks
- EN: real risk of suffering serious harm
- ES: riesgo real de sufrir daños graves
- FI: todellinen vaara joutua kärsimään vakavaa haittaa
- FR: risque réel de subir des atteintes graves
- GA: baol iarbhír díobháil thromchúiseach a fhulaingt
- GR: πραγματικός κίνδυνος σοβαρής βλάβης
- HU: súlyos sérelem elszenvedésének tényleges veszélye
- IT: rischio effettivo di subire un grave danno
- LT: realus pavojus patirti didelę žalą
- LV: reāls risks ciest smagu kaitējumu
- MT: Riskju reali / veru li ġġarrab dannu(-i) serju(-i)
- NL: reëel risico op het lijden van ernstige schade
- NO: reell fare for alvorlig skade (b) / reell fare for alvorleg skade (n)
- PL: rzeczywiste ryzyko doznania poważnej krzywdy
- RO: risc real de vătămare fizică gravă
- SE: verklig risk för att lida allvarlig skada
- SK: reálne riziko utrpenia vážneho bezprávia / reálne riziko vážneho bezprávia
- SL: utemeljeno tveganje resne škode
Risk of serious harm experienced by an applicant for international protection which is considered to be both real and likely to occur.
2. The European Court of Human Rights has ruled in a high number of different cases that there is a violation of Art. 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ‘if substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if deported, faces a real risk of being subjected to treatment contrary to Art. 3 ECHR’. In light of the Court’s consequent jurisprudence, this standard means that:
(a) there is no need for the risk to be very high (no certainty or significant probability requirement);
(b) at the same time the risk cannot be a mere possibility (a distant, vague or theoretical alternative).
Developed by EMN
- BG: хуманитарен статут
- CZ: humanitární ochrana
- DE: humanitärer Schutz
- EE: humanitaarkaitse
- EN: humanitarian protection
- ES: protección humanitaria
- FI: humanitaarinen suojelu
- FR: protection humanitaire
- GA: cosaint dhaonnúil
- GR: προστασία για ανθρωπιστικούς λόγους
- HU: humanitárius védelem
- IT: protezione umanitaria
- LT: humanitarinė (papildoma) apsauga
- LV: humānā aizsardzība
- MT: Protezzjoni umanitarja
- NL: bescherming op humanitaire gronden
- NO: beskyttelse på humanitært grunnlag (b) / vern på humanitært grunnlag (n)
- PL: ochrona o charakterze humanitarnym
- PT: protecção humanitária
- RO: protecţie umanitară
- SE: humanitärt skydd
- SK: humanitárna ochrana
- SL: humanitarna zaščita
A form of non-EU harmonised protection nowadays normally replaced by subsidiary protection, except in some EU Member States.
2. IE has also opted-into the Qualification Directive, and uses the term ‘leave to remain’.
3. In DE, FI and IT, humanitarian protection and subsidiary protection are different concepts. In DE and IT, humanitarian protection is the reception and residence of refugees under international law or on humanitarian or political (DE only) grounds, and in FI, humanitarian protection is granted to foreign nationals who cannot return to their country of origin or country of former habitual residence as a result of an environmental catastrophe or a bad security situation, which may be due to an international or internal armed conflict or a poor human rights situation.
4. In EE, LV, this term is not used.
5. AT and ES use a similar expression, namely ‘residence permit on humanitarian grounds’.
6. In BG, humanitarian protection encompasses subsidiary protection as well as protection granted for other humanitarian reasons (see Art. 9, SG No 52 of 2007).
7. In NO, a residence permit may be granted, even if the other conditions laid down in the Act are not satisfied, provided there are strong humanitarian considerations or the foreign national has a particular connection with the realm. To determine whether there are strong humanitarian considerations, an overall assessment shall be made of the case. Importance may be attached, inter alia, to whether the foreign national is an unaccompanied minor who would be without proper care if they were returned; the foreign national needs to stay in the realm due to compelling health circumstances; there are social or humanitarian circumstances relating to the return situation that give grounds for granting a residence permit; the foreign national has been a victim of human trafficking. (For further information, see Immigration Act of May 2008, Chaper 5, Section 38).